PDP-11/10   PROCESSOR  RESTAURATION  PROJECT 11/10

INTRODUCTION
This PDP-11/10 was donated by Hans Schulz. Hans offered this PDP-11/10, a TU60 DECassette and the H324-UA boot selector switch to a good home on a local (Dutch) website. I guess FATE wanted that I was the person to see his advert first, he posted it just 30 minutes before! We arranged an appointment the next day. Hans and I share the same interests and hobby, so before we noticed we had chat for almost 3 hours that evening.
Hans told me that a person has applied power to the system, and that smoke came out of the unit ... Later, too late, a simple inspection showed that the boards were not installed in the correct slots. Still, this is an interesting machine, because the OEM version of the PDP-11/10 (that is the PDP-11/05) that I have is equipped with MOS memory, whereas this genuine PDP-11/10 has core memory.

This PDP-11/10 was used in a company called "Software Sciences", before the company was taken over by IBM. The company was called "Data Sciences" later on. What makes this PDP-11/10 special is the fact that Hans (and others) developed the software for the air traffic control system of Ballygirreen (in Ireland, on the most western location of Europe) on this machine. Cool.

This page will describe my steps and efforts to get this PDP-11/10 operational again. Parts may be useful on other machines.


The power supply
H765 power supply
As the complete BA11-K system box is too heavy to lift, Hans and I removed the power supply which is at the rear end of the box. After the power supply is removed you have 2 parts that you can lift (be careful, you only have one back). The removal of the power supply is easy. The H765 power supply contains a transformer assembly, an AC input box with a +15V regulator, 2 big fans, and 4 more regulators, also called "power bricks". The AC input box matches the H765 power supply to the available power line voltage.
At each side, the PSU is attached to the box with three screws. Notice the edge at the top of each side, loosen the screw near that edge just a few turns, and remove the other two screws (at both sides). The two loosened screws form a hinge and you can make the opening at the bottom side a bit larger to disconnect the connectors to the power bricks, a 12-pin connector and an 8-pin to the AC input box/regulator section in the middle, and a ground wire to the chassis. That done, you can remove the last two screws and remove the PSU from the processor box.
The 4 regulators supply the DC voltages, via the power distribution board, to the backplanes installed in the BA11-K box.
The table shows the power bricks installed in this PSU chassis, and how they connect to the power distribution board. The distribution boards connects the different voltages as follow to the system unit power sockets.
power
"brick"
output
voltage / current
power distribution board sockets
J3J5J7J9J11
H754-5V / 1 Amps.
+20V / 8 Amps.
YYYYY
H744+5V / 25 Amps. YYY--
H744+5V / 25 Amps. ---YY
H745-15V / 10 Amps. YYYYY

H744 power brick I decided to clean the power supply before testing it. Seven screws hold the top rear cover plate and each fan is mounted on the front of the PSU chassis with two long screws. After you removed the top rear cover plate you can remove the power bricks. They are installed in the PSU with two big screws on the top, and a smaller screw at the rear side. After you remove these three screws you can slide the power brick out of the PSU chassis. I did not remove the transformer. After this disassembly you can clean the box.
As it is not clear from where the smoke came, I hope it was the PSU ... You have two options to test them.
Either separately on the bench, or in the H765 chassis. If you go for the second method, you need the rest of the BA11-K box, because the wiring from the transformer to the power modules goes through the power distribution board which is installed in the box. As that is a "heavy" setup to test the power modules, and access to them is difficult under test, the first method is a lot easier. All you need is a 20 to 30 VAC power source. A small transformer 24VAC/1A. will do fine. However, the H745 also needs +15V input for the regulator in that power brick.
A label on the power brick clearly shows how you must connect them, click on the power brick. Pin #1 is closest to the front where the label is.
 
Jump in time ... some 6 years!
My computer collection has found its final home. I now have a "hangar" (a former pig stable) with some 2200 square ft surface (approximately 200 square meters). In August 2015 I could pick up two H960 racks in Amsterdam. They were empty and quite dirty, but with the two racks came also two side panels, and both racks had the rear door and "utility" frame. It took 3 hours to clean up one rack, and it now looks great. Amazing how these racks stay in great shape after many, many years. These two racks are probably older than the others that I have. All my racks use rivets, but these two are welded!
Anyway, finally this sick PDP-11/10 will get a "house" of its own. Till now, the PDP-11/10 was a "visitor", living above the PDP-11/34C.
In the PDP-11/10 rack is also mounted the TU60 cassette tape drive and an RX01 dual 8" floppy disk drive. In the bottom at the rear side is the 861 Power Controller (aka "switch box"), and above the 861 is a battery backup unit. I will not use the battery backup unit, but it is heavy, just what I need as a counter-weight when the PDP-11/10 is outside the rack on its slides. You sure do not want the rack to tilt towards you when the CPU box is pulled out!

Now that the PDP-11/10 hangs on its slides in the rack, it is easy to work on it. First, I made notes of the location of all the boards in the BA11-K box, then I pulled all the boards starting at the "end" of the UNIBUS and stored them in ESD-safe bags. The last board pulled first makes the pulled CU boards (M7261 and M7260) on top of the stack. You will need those first eventually.
Then I cleaned the box, but as I did that some 6 years ago, there was not much to clean out. I pulled the box on its slides out of the rack swung it 90 degrees upward and removed the bottom cover to get access to the power distribution panel.

BA11-K box power section

The picture shows the 4 power bricks. The two H744 and the rightmost H745 are already connected to the distribution panel, the leftmost H754 is not yet connected. The fans start to rotate when I turn the key switch on the operator panel. With the Fluke Volt meter I checked the voltages on the CPU backplane, the rightmost backplane in the picture. The "+5" connection (red wire) measures 5.11V, the +15" (grey wire) measures +16.18V, and the "-15" (blue wire) measures -15.06V. The second H744 supplies power to the second backplane and measures +5.04V. These voltages are all within specifications, so the power supplies seem to be OK. I had prefered smoke from the power supply, because that would probably be easier to repair. But the power supply seems to be fine. Finally, I connected the H754 power brick, and again on the CPU backplane, I checked the "+20" and "-5" connections. "+20" (orange wire) measures 20.22V and "-5" (brown wire) measures -5.07V. Again, good voltage levels. Next to the small voltage trim potentiometer is a lamp. It should be on when there is output power, but most of the time this bulb is defective. Of the 4 power brick, only H744 #1 had a lamp that lit when power was on.
The AC LO connection (yellow wire), DC LO connection (purple wire) and LTC connection (brown wire) also look good with the Volt meter. AC LO and DC LO measures 4.92V, and LTC measures 2.49V. The LTC voltage also looks fine, as it is a square wave, 50 Hz, duty cycle 50%. However, the AC LO and DC LO signals should also be inspected with an oscilloscope. The voltage levels must be clean, without "spikes". If the voltage level is not clean, the PDP-11 can behave very erratically. The scope shows that on both AC LO and DC LO have a ripple of 130 mV. That seems OK to me.


The KD11-B processor and console
The console is powered with the H744 #2 in the picture. When the power is on, the ADDRESS/DATA LEDs on the console are all on, because the inputs float as the console connection cable is not connected to the M7260 module.
Hoping that the CPU would be OK, and the smoke was released from another board, I installed the M7260 in slot #1 and the M7261 in slot #2. A visual inspection did not show damage to ICs or burn spots on the boards. Power on ... no smoke. Voltage levels on the CPU backplane are still good, but the processor is not really responsive to the switches on the console panel. The RUN LED is on, ADDRESS/DATA are all off. When the HALT/ENABLE switch is in the HALT position and START is toggled ("reset"), the RUN goes off and the ADDRESS/DATA LEDs all go on. LOAD ADDR, EXAM and CONT have no response. Not good. When I set HALT/ENABLE switch to ENABLE and toggle START, the RUN LED goes on and DATA/ADDRESS LEDs go off, except LED "0". Could this be a case of the "famous" NPR hung? Hmmm, slot #3, #4, #5 and slot #9 might need an NPR grant module (G7273). However, when G7273s are installed in those slots the behavior stays the same. It looks like some more serious fault finding is needed ...

Console maintenance
I downloaded  DEC-11-H05AA-A-D_1105um.pdf  from "bitsavers". In the last chapter some tests are described that you can do. I hope to find the problem by elimination. Chapter 6.11 describes a few useful checks to verify the console stand alone. Great! All 8 tests check out just fine, but ... the data pattern on the LEDs is "inverted"! The manual says for test numbers 5, 6, 7, and 8 that the LED pattern must be 052525, 031463, 007417, and 0003777 respectively. I got exactly the opposite data: 125252, 146314, 170360, and 177400! Very weird.
Next, I downloaded  EK-KD11B-MM-001_Jan75.pdf  as a preparation to some microstepping/debugging of the CPU. To my surprise, in the back is a chapter 5.11 "Console maintenance". It describes exactly the same tests, but now the LED data is different ... it is what I am seeing! So, I am happy to say that the console is eliminated as a problem source.

A lot more to come ...!


Back to top of this page